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the FIS recognises and combats dangers relating to terrorism, illegal intelligence. The Military Intelligence Service (German: Militärischer Nachrichtendienst; French: Service de renseignement militaire; Italian: Servizio informazioni militare) is the military intelligence branch of the Armed Forces. This was possible, as those employed to encode the information were unaware of where it was going, while those transmitting the messages had no idea what was in them. The SIS gathers, in close cooperation with other federal offices, information relevant to the security of Switzerland for the political and military leadership, analyzes this information and disseminates its findings. Very little is clear about the Lucy ring, about Roessler or about Lucy's sources or motives. The Secret Intelligence (SI) branch of OSS, an original part of the Coordinator of Information (COI), was to obtain “by secret means information which cannot otherwise be secured and which is not elsewhere available.” In practice, this meant intelligence collection performed by agents, known as human intelligence (HUMINT) today. Thereafter Roessler's only outlet for the "Lucy" information was through the Bureau Ha and Swiss Military Intelligence. [5], Phillip Knightley also dismisses the thesis that Ultra was the source of Lucy. During the autumn of 1942, "Lucy" provided the Soviets with detailed information about Case Blue, the German operations against Stalingrad and the Caucasus; during this period decisions taken in Berlin were arriving in Moscow on average within a ten-hour period; on one occasion in just six hours, not much longer than it took to reach German front line units. Alexander (Sandor) Rado headed the Soviet Union's Swiss-based "Rote Drei" net during World War II. Knightley suggests that the source was Karel Sedlacek, a Czech military intelligence officer. Given Switzerland's recent record there can be no let-up of international pressure on the Swiss to resolve the issue of Holocaust victims' accounts and the return of property plundered by the Germans. Switzerland's national foreign intelligence agency. The Japanese used their fishing fleets extensively before WW2 started to carry out intelligence gathering in and around Australia as well as to store caches of food, equipment, fuel and ordnance at strategic locations along the Australian coastline. Federal Intelligence Service Its core tasks are prevention and situation assessment for the political leaders. King, Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record (New York: W. … When the US did join the war after December 7, 1941, Dulles joined the newly formed OSS as Agent 110 and he requested assignment to Switzerland, based on his prior experiences there. Roessler, and Rado's network, particularly Allan Foote, Rado's main radio operator, were prepared to work flat out to maintain the speed and flow of the information. After several attempts to penetrate the network they succeeded in pressuring the Swiss to close it down; this occurred in October 1943 when its radio transmitters were closed down and a number of key operatives were arrested. The thematic and geographic areas of interest are: The Federal Intelligence Service produces an annual report called Switzerland's Security, available for download on the FIS website. This hypothesis, that Britain lost the motivation to share intelligence with Stalin after this time, is also at variance with Read and Fisher's theory. 3 (Summer 1968): 41-61. [4] Stalin had shown considerable suspicion of any information from the British about German plans to invade Russia in 1941, so an Allied effort to find a way to get helpful information to the Soviets in a form that would not be dismissed is, at least, not implausible. SMERSH (Russian: СМЕРШ) was the umbrella name of three independant Russian counter-intelligence agencies of the Red Army, between 1943 and 1946. The partners and service recipients of the FIS are the political and military leaders, the federal administration, In December 1938, fearful of the results of the Munich The Japanese Army Intelligence and Japanese Navy Intelligence Units were independent and did not share intelligence information, even at Imperial Headquarters. The Swiss firm made millions of dollars selling equipment to more than 120 countries well into the 21st century. By then, there were allegedly some 500 Gestapo agents in Switzerland conducting espionage to obtain Swiss military secrets and spying on German refugees. Roessler's first major contribution to Soviet intelligence came in May 1941 when he was able to deliver details of Operation Barbarossa, Germany's impending invasion of the Soviet Union. [WN#25810] Report entitled "Foreign Intelligence Organizations Currently Operating in Italy," March 5, 1945, 2 pp. His train passed from Vichy France into Switzerland only minutes before the Germans closed the border. The name SMERSH is an acronym which means 'Special Methods for Spy Detection'. The Lucy network in Germany comprised ten persons, all high-ranking military officers or civilians. Its functions are now performed by its modern-day descendant organization; United States Army Counterintelligence. At the time this article was written, he was playing "a leading role in Soviet Bloc mapping programs," particularly "collecting geographic intelligence on the West" from his base in Budapest. The Swiss intelligence community is a group of agencies with responsibilities to protect the interests and infrastructure of Switzerland. The Abwehr was created in 1920 as part of the German Ministry of Defence when the German government was allowed to form the Reichswehr, the military organization of the Weimar Republic.The first head of the Abwehr was Major Friedrich Gempp, a former deputy to Colonel Walter Nicolai, the head of German intelligence during World War I, who proved mostly ineffectual. At first Roessler passed the information to Swiss military intelligence, via a friend who was serving in Bureau Ha, an intelligence agency used by the Swiss as a cut-out. Roessler was unaware this was also going to the Western Allies. World War II spy ring. One downed U.S. airman found unexpected torment when he was captured by the neutral Swiss. It was secured by the Poles, who managed to supply British intelligence with a means of breaking the coding used by the Germans. [7] However, as the Soviets showed little interest in co-operation on intelligence matters, refusing to share Soviet intelligence that would be useful to Britain (such as information on German air forces in the Eastern Front) or agreeing to use the Soviet mission in London as a transmission route, the British cut back the flow of information in the spring of 1942, and by the summer it had dwindled to a trickle. One of the first intelligence triumphs occurred before the first shot was fired. Roessler was not a Communist, nor even particularly a Communist sympathizer, and wished to remain at arm's length from Rado's network, insisting on complete anonymity and communicating with Rado only through his contact, "Taylor". In 2012, a senior IT technician stole crucial intelligence documents. In Switzerland the Lucy network comprised: Roessler's story was first published in 1966 by the French journalists Pierre Accoce and Pierre Quet. Over the next two years "Lucy" was able to supply the Soviets with high grade military intelligence. [1] In 2017, the FIS received approximately 12,500 notifications from foreign intelligence agencies, and sent out 6,000.[1]. A representative of the FLN in West Germany, the lawyer Ameziane Aït Ahcène was suspected of being part of an arms trafficking ring operating on German soil. Rado code-named the source "Lucy", simply because all he knew about the source was that it was in Lucerne. The Swiss Intelligence Agency, or SIA, is an elite branch of the Government which keeps our government intact with the latest feed. Furthermore, the Enigma systems employed by German forces on the Eastern Front were only broken intermittently. [6] He indicates that the information was delivered very promptly (often within 24 hours) to Moscow, too fast if it had come via GCHQ Bletchley Park. The Postal Service and Telecommunications Surveillance (French: Surveillance de la correspondance par poste et télécommunication, SCPT; German: Überwachung Post- und Fernmeldeverkehr, ÜPF; Italian: Sorveglianza della corrispondenza postale e del traffico delle telecomunicazioni, SCPT; Romansh: surveglianza dal traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun, STPT) is a service within the Federal Department of Justice and Police (since 1 January 2008) charged with coordinating wiretapping requests of the criminal investigation authorities. In 1935 a new rifle, the K31 carbine, was introduced into the Swiss army, even as the Germans were adopting a new design of their on, the Mauser 98k, which became their standard service rifle throughout the war. Switzerland … Federal Department of Economic Affairs (FDEA). The United States Army Counter Intelligence Corps was a World War II and early Cold War intelligence agency within the United States Army consisting of highly trained Special Agents. Postal Service and Telecommunications Surveillance, Federal Intelligence Service (disambiguation), Learn how and when to remove this template message, Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, "Swiss secret service continues to expand", https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-spies_lifting-the-curtain-on-the-swiss-intelligence-service/43176432, "Quelle stratégie suisse envers la Chine ? Various observations have suggested that Allan Foote was more than a mere radio operator: he was in a position to act as a radio interface between SIS and Roessler, and also between Roessler and Moscow; his return to the West in the 1950s was unusual in several ways; and his book was similarly troublesome. Through the use of synergies and consistent adjustment to the needs of the service recipients a powerful intelligence service was created which is adapted to meet modern requirements and which forms the future contact for all levels of the Confederation and the cantons. The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a wartime intelligence agency of the United States during World War II, and a predecessor to the Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), and the independent Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The geographic areas of interest continue to be Europe, Russia and the CIS states, the Near East and north Africa, the Middle East, Asia, the US and hot spots in Africa. Before Canaris. However, this is flatly denied by Harry Hinsley, the official historian for the British Secret Services in World War II, who stated that "there is no truth in the much-publicized claim that the British authorities made use of the ‘Lucy’ ring..to forward intelligence to Moscow". Military Agency Records. In 2014, an agent of the Federal Intelligence Services is involved in a hacking case against journalists acting for Dominique Giroud, the Swiss winemaker. WN#25811] When WW2 ended, Hagelin moved to Switzerland. They also point out that not one of Roessler's claimed sources in Germany has been identified or has come forward. Wieser described the work of Ast Munich. That the Soviets had, via their own espionage operations, learned of the British break into important German message traffic was not, at the time, known to the British. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucy_spy_ring&oldid=1008675797, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2015, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 February 2021, at 13:57. Six were committed within the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), including one incident involving the murder of a young Kabylia-born lawyer. Being operational during WWII, its main goal was to subvert German attempts to infiltrate the Red Army. in particular the departments: Abroad the FIS maintains contacts to more than 100 intelligence, police and security services throughout the world. Its role was taken over by the U.S. Army Intelligence Corps in 1961 and, in 1967, by the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency. the FIS ensures a comprehensive assessment of the threat situation. 1. State Department and Foreign Affairs Records Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State (RG 84) Switzerland The Swiss Federal Council, concerned about a general European war, proclaimed the neutrality of the Swiss Federation on March 21, 1938, shortly after Germany's violation of Austrian territory. Later, through another contact who was a part of a Soviet (GRU) network run by Alexander Rado, Roessler was able to pass to the Soviet Union, recognizing the role of the USSR in the fight against Nazism. The R&A unit was moved to the State Department, while SI and X-2 were merged into the Strategic Services Unit (SSU), which was sent to the War Department. In World War II espionage, the Lucy spy ring was an anti-Nazi operation that was headquartered in Switzerland. His technology became so advanced that the US government worried it would stop them spying on … [3] In 1981, it was alleged by Anthony Read and David Fisher that Lucy was, at its heart, a British Secret Service operation intended to get Ultra information to the Soviets in a convincing way untraceable to British codebreaking operations against the Germans. The Kempeitai, translated as Military Police Corps, served as the military police of the Roessler, a German expatriate from Bavaria who fled to Geneva when Hitler came to power, was working as a publisher at the outbreak of World War II in Switzerland, producing anti-Fascist literature. It was run by Rudolf Roessler, a German refugee and ostensibly the proprietor of a small publishing firm, Vita Nova. Dulles was lucky to be in Switzerland. Thiele and Gersdorf wished him to act as a conduit for high-level military information, to be available to him to make use of in the fight against Fascism. During the winter of 1942, the Germans became aware of the transmissions from the Rado network, and began to take steps against it through their counter-espionage bureau. Reports on the regime's propaganda, disinformation campaigns, censorship and severe repression of its opponents in Hong Kong and ethnic minorities in Tibet and Xinjiang mark the growing international perception of the threat posed by China. In 2017, the FIS' budget was CHF75.6 million.[1]. Hell’s Kitchen was in trouble.The B-24 Liberator of the Eighth Air Force’s 44th Bomb Group had run into some exploding flak over Friedrichshafen, on the German side of Lake Constance, and was down to two engines, with gas gushing from the left wing tanks. [clarification needed]. At the peak of its operation, Rado's network was enciphering and sending several hundred messages per month, many of these from "Lucy". Seventy-years ago, on November 9, 1942, forty-nine year old Allen W. Dulles arrived in Bern, Switzerland to head up the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) operations in Switzerland. Because of Switzerland's long history of neutrality, the Swiss Armed Forces do not take part in conflicts in other countries, but do participate in international peacekeeping missions. Roger Masson [de], the head of Swiss MI, also chose to pass some of this information to the British SIS. Further, Ultra intelligence on the Eastern front was less than complete; many of the German messages were transmitted by landlines and wireless messages were often too garbled for timely decoding. Up to that point, intelligence gathering was left to the responsibility of the police.[4]. In World War II espionage, the Lucy spy ring was an anti-Nazi operation that was headquartered in Switzerland. As of 1 January 2010, there is a new security policy instrument in Switzerland, the Federal Intelligence Service (FIS) (German: Nachrichtendienst des Bundes, NDB; French: Service de renseignement de la Confédération, SRC; Italian: Servizio delle attività informative della Confederazione, SIC; Romansh: Servetsch da las activitads infurmativs da la Confederaziun, SIC). The Military Intelligence Service (German: Militärischer Nachrichtendienst; French: Service de renseignement militaire; Italian: Servizio informazioni militare) is the military intelligence branch of the Armed Forces. In the summer of 1943, the culmination of "Lucy's" success came in transmitting the details of Germany's plans for Operation Zitadelle, a planned summer offensive against the Kursk salient, which became a strategic defeat for the German army—the Battle of Kursk gave the Red Army the initiative on the eastern front for the remainder of the war. V. E. Tarrant echoes Knightley's objections, and in addition points out that Read and Fisher's scenario was unnecessary, as Britain was already passing Ultra information to the Soviet Union following the German invasion in June 1941. The gap between the Western liberal model and China's authoritarian state capitalism will widen further. Sedlacek died in London in 1967 and indicated that he received the information from one or more unidentified dissidents within the German High Command. the FIS procures security policy relevant information about other countries and evaluates these, the FIS fulfils intelligence tasks relating to domestic security according to the STA. This they accomplished by the simple expedient of equipping Roessler with a radio and an Enigma machine, and designating him as a German military station (call-signed RAHS). The National Counter Intelligence … The FIS is concerned with early perception and prevention of terrorism, violent extremism, espionage, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery system technology as well as cyberattacks against critical infrastructure. This page was last edited on 27 February 2021, at 07:37. He was employed by Brigadier Masson, head of Swiss Military Intelligence, who employed him as an analyst with Bureau Ha, overtly a press cuttings agency but in fact a covert department of Swiss Intelligence. of the highest importance, and to be transmitted immediately. Wikipedia In this way they could openly transmit their information to him through normal channels. FIS has collaborated with over 100 foreign intelligence agencies. The Enigma machine, and the Ultra intelligence derived from it, would be the greatest coup of the war. identifies attacks against critical information infrastructure. Though his warning was initially ignored - as Soviet intelligence had received multiple false alarms about an impending German invasion - Roessler's dates eventually proved accurate. While not wishing to reveal Britain's penetration of Enigma, Churchill ordered selected Ultra information to be passed via the British Military Mission in Moscow, reported as coming from "a well-placed source in Berlin," or "a reliable source". ww2dbase Before the war, in 1934, the Swiss Banking Act was passed; although it would later gain fame as the foundation of modern laws in which protected, with anonymity, the wealth of the well-to-do, at time a small part of the reason for this law was to allow German Jews to protect their assets abroad. Seven of these have been identified; the three others remain unknown.[1]. Following the invasion, in June 1941, Lucy was regarded as a VYRDO source, i.e. But it is not an ordinary military facility – it is a secret spy agency headquarters for the Directorate for Signals Intelligence, Japan’s version of the National Security Agency. The new service was created by merging the Service for Analysis and Prevention (DAP) with the Strategic Intelligence Service (SND). In January 1946, there was also the creation of the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), which used Army, Navy, and State personnel to collect intelligence, while the SSU was doing the same. Researchers may find useful Henry Stimson, On Active Service in Peace and War (New York: Harper, 1948); William D. Leahy, I Was There: The Personal Story of the Chief of Staff to Presidents Roosevelt and Truman Based on His Notes and Diaries Made at the Time (New York: Whittlesley House, 1950); Ernest J. In Switzerland these are terrorism and violent extremism, proliferation, attacks against critical infrastructure and illegal intelligence activities. Hence their suspicion that, even more so than for most espionage operations, the Lucy ring was not what it seemed. ", Strategic Intelligence Service - Official publication, Post and Telecommunications Surveillance Service (PTSS) Homepage, Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal, Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swiss_intelligence_agencies&oldid=1009196799, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2013, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles with Romansh-language sources (rm), Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Romansh-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS), Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP), Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). The Swiss Armed Forces operates on land and in the air, serving as the primary armed forces of Switzerland. Roessler was approached by two German officers, Fritz Thiele and Rudolph von Gersdorff, who were part of a conspiracy to overthrow Hitler, and had been known to Roessler in the 1930s through the Herrenklub. Very little is clear about the Lucy ring, about Roessler or about Lucy's sources or motives. Meanwhile, Roessler alone had to do all the receiving, decoding and evaluating of the "Lucy" messages before passing them on; for him during this period it became a full-time operation. It deals with political, military, but also technological and economic developments abroad. Switzerland as the center of the action A man named Henri Hesse on his Swiss passport and Henry Hunter on his British one is pulled from a line at London’s Croydon Airport and presented with a dilemma: serve as an agent for Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service (now known as MI6) or go to prison for a long time for having been just a little too clever in his attempt to take a large sum of money out of the country. Studies in Intelligence 12, no. Under the country's militia system, regular soldiers constitute a small part of the military and the rest are conscripts or volunteers aged 19 to 34. Abroad, the FIS's thematic areas continue to be proliferation, terrorism, armed forces development, operational areas of our armed forces abroad as well as weapon technology and arms trade. It was run by Rudolf Roessler, a German refugee and ostensibly the proprietor of a small publishing firm, Vita Nova. These bilateral and multilateral contacts have all been authorised by the Federal Council. Important partners are also the cantons, including 84 national security agents engaged by the Confederation. The Lucy spy ring came to an end in the summer of 1944 when the German members, who were also involved in other anti-Nazi activities, were arrested in the aftermath of the failed July plot. Today’s post is written by Dr. Greg Bradsher. For instance, in September 2020, about the China–Switzerland relations, the report said that:[5][6]. Dulles arrived in Switzerland in November, 1942, where he made little effort to disguise his role in Bern. The FIS's activities and mandate were defined by statute in the Federal Civil Intelligence Act 1997, And according to the Federal Civil Intelligence Act. They were able to do this as Thiele, and his superior, Erich Fellgiebel (who was also part of the conspiracy) were in charge of the German Defence Ministry's communication centre, the Bendlerblock. Rado agreed to this, recognizing the value of the information being received. [6] Another, but less likely possibility Knightley suggests is, that the information came from the Swiss secret service.[6]. [2], The first federal military secret service was set in 1937-1939 as Buero Ha by Hans Hausamann [3] a few years before the outbreak of the Second World War. 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